Trish Dauer’s path to nursing and home visiting wasn’t a straightforward one. With a natural inclination toward the human-centered aspects of healthcare, her journey was defined by exploration, adaptability, and a deep passion for connecting with people during critical moments in their lives.
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Discovering a Passion for Connection
“I never set out to be a nurse,” Trish recalls. “In high school, I thought journalism or broadcasting might be my calling—I loved storytelling and learning about people. But as soon as I realized that public speaking made me queasy, I knew I had to rethink my plans.” She shared that her parents’ careers had also influenced her more than she had initially realized. “My dad was a firefighter, and my mom had started nursing school before shifting paths. Healthcare had always been in the background of my life, even if I hadn’t acknowledged it yet.”
A defining moment came when Trish had the opportunity to shadow a nurse practitioner in high school. It was a light bulb moment as she saw how science met human connection. “That experience cemented my decision, and I was determined to pursue nursing despite the daunting competition. I remember being told, ‘You need at least a 3.5 GPA to even apply.’ That was intimidating, but it didn’t deter me. I had found my path, and I was ready to fight for it.”
I realized what I loved most was the deep conversations—the moments when people really opened up.
Trish Dauer, State Nurse Consultant, Nurse Family Partnership Washington
The Shift to Public Health and Home Visiting
Originally thinking she might want to be a labor and delivery nurse, one uninspiring instructor quickly changed that plan for Trish. “I realized what I loved most was the deep conversations—the moments when people really opened up.” That led her to adolescent psychiatric nursing. “My first job at an adolescent psychiatric facility was intense—I was barely 23 and suddenly in charge of a unit. But it was also where I learned how to truly listen. I have always been that person who friends came to and talked to about their problems, and I really like teenagers (a lot of people don’t!)” During an internship at Spokane’s Sacred Heart Hospital in the Adolescent Psychiatry unit before nursing school, Trish shared that her natural ability to talk with people about really hard things came easily, and the tough conversations became her strength.

Following nursing school and her first role in a private adolescent psychiatric facility, Trish knew she wanted something more structured. “I wanted somewhere I could grow. I flirted with the idea of emergency medicine but ended up in public health in Snohomish,” where an early supervisor recognized Trish’s ability to engage with people and encouraged her to start conducting home health visits. “Those first home visits were eye-opening. I drove into neighborhoods I’d never been to, stepped into homes where families were just trying to survive, and realized quickly—there’s no script for this job. Every visit was different, every situation unpredictable. I had no background in maternal-child health, but I knew how to talk to people, and that made all the difference. I found myself having some of the hardest but most meaningful conversations of my career—about postpartum depression, domestic struggles, and the weight of new motherhood. It was messy, but it felt like exactly where I was meant to be.”
Despite having no formal maternal-child health experience, she leaned into her strengths, supporting young parents and learning everything else along the way. That’s when she heard about NFP training and the structure and reasons behind home visiting practices seemed to make sense.
Parents can work through their personal struggles while still being present for their babies. We can hold space for both.
Trish Dauer, State Nurse Consultant, Nurse Family Partnership Washington
Finding Her Calling in Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)
A year into public health, Trish found Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) and knew she had found her niche. The structured, evidence-based approach felt like the perfect balance of science and human connection. “The training was intense, but I was confident in my ability to connect with young moms and help them navigate their challenges,” Trish reflected. ”Parents can work through their personal struggles while still being present for their babies. We can hold space for both.”
The Evolution of Home Visiting and Leadership
After years as a home visitor, Trish now leads the Nurse Family Partnership model for Washington state. “Leadership in home visiting isn’t easy. Funding is always precarious, and I’ve spent more time than I ever expected fighting to prove the value of this work.” Trish recently testified before Washington’s Senate Ways and Means Committee in support of home visiting and preservation of recent budget adjustments to provide more equitable funding for home visiting rates. “Home visiting is one of the best investments in preventive healthcare, but it’s still an uphill battle for recognition and stable funding. I’ve seen firsthand how early support changes lives, and I’ll keep fighting for that. This work isn’t about fixing people, it’s about showing them they already have the strength and resources to succeed. Sometimes, all they need is someone to remind them of that.

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Home visiting is a powerful tool for supporting families and communities, and the Washington State Home Visiting Core Competencies are an essential tool to support home visitors. The translation of Washington’s Home Visiting Core Competencies into Spanish, Chinese, Somali, and Arabic is a significant step in ensuring that the competencies are accessible to home visitors in the languages they use and prefer.
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“Created by the field, for the field, the core competencies are intended to be a ‘living’ set of resources that meet the needs of the professionals doing this critical work,” explains Cassie Morley, Assistant Director for Home Visiting at Start Early Washington. These core competencies were crafted with deep engagement from the home visiting community, with over 350 professionals helping to shape them, ensuring that they truly reflect the work and values of the field. “Those documents and those ideas really do belong to them,” Cassie emphasizes. “It seems only fitting that we would try our best to make sure they are available in the languages that that group of people reads and speaks and prefers to take in information in.”
Translating the competencies into these four languages was guided by the home visiting field itself, following the same collaborative and inclusive spirit in which they were initially developed.
By making these resources available in multiple languages, we are reaffirming the commitment to ensuring that all home visitors, regardless of linguistic background, can engage fully with the competencies that define their profession.
Cassie Morley, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF HOME VISITING, START EARLY WASHINGTON
A Living, Evolving Resource
These core competencies were never meant to be static documents. “They weren’t intended to sit on a shelf and gather dust,” Cassie notes. “They are for use by the people who created them.” Home visitors are encouraged to annotate them, add notes, and continuously reflect on how these competencies apply to their daily work. The process of refining and updating them is intended to be ongoing by design, informed by feedback from the field. Understanding how the competencies are being used will shape future revisions, with the ultimate goal being to ensure that they remain relevant and actionable, supporting home visitors in their mission to strengthen families and communities.
Home Visiting as a Tool for Equity
At its heart, home visiting exists to create trusting relationships between home visitors and parents. One of the clearest ways to achieve this mission is by hiring and supporting trusted professionals from within the communities being served. “What is synonymous with quality in home visiting is DEIB (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging),” Cassie states. “You can’t really pull those things apart.” The translation of the competencies is a direct reflection of this understanding—ensuring that home visitors from diverse backgrounds have the tools they need in the languages they are most comfortable with.
Bringing Core Competencies to Life
With the core competencies now available in multiple languages, the hope is that home visiting teams will actively engage with them. “I absolutely want home visiting programs to take them up, have discussions about them within their teams, and talk about the ideas represented there,” shares Cassie. “If they feel as if the ideas are important, I want home visitors and their supervisors to talk about how they are turning those ideas into action.”
By making the Washington Home Visiting Core Competencies accessible in Spanish, Chinese, Somali, and Arabic, we are not just translating words—we are reinforcing the values of equity, inclusivity, and community-centered care. These competencies are meant to be dynamic, evolving, and, most importantly, used by the very people who shaped them. The more they are discussed, applied, and adapted, the stronger the home visiting field will be in achieving its ultimate mission: empowering families and communities through trusted, culturally responsive support.

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Play is often seen as a simple pastime for children, but play is far more than just fun. It’s a natural, powerful way for children to explore the world, build skills and lay the groundwork for future learning. In this blog, Claudia Cattage, a mentor teacher at Educare Chicago, a program of Start Early, shares insights on the developmental benefits of play-based learning, practical advice for parents and caregivers and tips for fostering a play-rich environment.
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Why Play Matters
Play isn’t just something your child enjoys—it’s an essential tool for their learning and development. Through play, your child learns about themselves and the world around them. Here’s how play taps into all the domains of learning, helping children grow in ways you might not even realize:
- Social and Emotional Development: Play helps your child learn to self-regulate, work collaboratively and build relationships.
- Cognitive Skills: Problem-solving, classification and staying engaged naturally happen during playful exploration.
- Language and Literacy: While playing, your child expands their vocabulary, practices communication and begins recognizing written words.
- Math and Science Foundations: Through counting, sorting and experimenting with shapes and space, your child builds a strong foundation for academic success.
Not only is play fun and natural, but it also supports all the domains of learning, It gives a foundation for math, science, and even social studies.
Your Role in Play-Based Learning
The best addition to your child’s play is you. Your involvement can take their play to the next level. By observing their interests, asking thoughtful questions and providing materials that match their developmental level, you can help support their growth.
Here are some simple ways to make the most of your role:
- Quiet Your Own Noise: Take a moment to focus on your child’s activity without bringing your own agenda into their play.
- Follow Their Lead: Pay attention to what your child is interested in and support their exploration.
- Create a Safe Environment: Make sure their play materials are age-appropriate, open-ended, and accessible.
- Be Present: Sometimes, all your child needs is a smile or encouragement to dive deeper into their play.
Making Play Part of Everyday Life
If you’re busy, don’t worry—play doesn’t have to be a separate activity. You can incorporate play-based learning into your daily routines. Here are some simple examples that you can try:
- During Chores: Ask your child to match socks (that’s math!) or count items while setting the table.
- At the Grocery Store: Turn shopping into a game by asking your child to find specific items or colors.
- On the Go: Practice self-regulation by playing stop-and-go games during walks or cart rides.
Even everyday tasks like putting on a coat or tying shoes can be learning moments. Allow extra time for your child to try things on their own. These small moments build motor skills, confidence and independence.
Your child’s teachers can also be fantastic allies in supporting their play-based learning. We encourage families to build strong partnerships with teachers. Share your observations from home, ask questions and collaborate to set consistent goals.
The difference between a good classroom and a great classroom is collaboration with parents. By working together, you can create an environment that supports your child’s growth both at home and at school.
Breaking the Misconceptions About Play
Many people think play is just about having fun, play is full of purpose and value. It’s easy to overlook how much learning happens during play if you’re not looking for it. One tip Claudia shared is to observe your child during play and write down what they’re learning. For example, sorting blocks might seem simple, but it’s laying the groundwork for classification skills they’ll need in math. Sharing these observations with other caregivers or educators can help everyone understand the true value of play.
Play is more than just fun—it’s a natural, essential method of learning that helps your child thrive in every developmental domain. By engaging in your child’s play, weaving it into your daily routines and collaborating with teachers, you can help them build skills, confidence and a lifelong love of learning.
So, the next time your child invites you to play, jump in—you’re not just having fun; you’re helping them grow!
Resources for Play-Based Learning
Books About Play-Based Learning
- The Importance of Being Little: What Preschoolers Really Need from Grownups by Erika Christakis
- Play: How It Shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination, and Invigorates the Soul by Stuart Brown
- The Power of Play: Learning What Comes Naturally by David Elkind
Research and Ideas
- National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC): Articles, research and practical tips for implementing play-based learning.
- Zero to Three: Focuses on early development and the role of play in learning.
- The Genius of Play: Activities, tips and play-based learning benefits for various age groups.
- Playful Learning: Resources for creating engaging, play-based activities.
- Scholastic’s Play-Based Learning Hub: Activities and lesson plans for integrating play in early childhood settings.
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The National Home Visiting Summit offers leaders across home visiting an opportunity to learn and share about innovative practices in the field, build connections with each other, and leave with actionable steps to promote systems change. Our team heard from Jackie Cordova, HIPPY Program Director with Parent Possible in Denver, CO, about the impact the Summit has had on the work she does. Here is Jackie’s Summit story:
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Registration is now open for the 2025 National Home Visiting Summit. We hope to meet you there and learn how you’re “taking the Summit home” to advance home visiting.
“Attending the National Home Visiting Summit has been a transformative experience for me, both as a home visitor and now as the HIPPY Program Director in Colorado. One of the highlights was facilitating a panel discussion with Spanish-speaking parents from Chile, Paraguay, Argentina, and the U.S. Hearing their stories deepened my understanding of the need for culturally responsive home visiting programs. This reaffirmed my belief in the power of family voices and the importance of representation in policy and program development.
A key takeaway for me has been the importance of collaboration across systems and regions to strengthen home visiting. The Summit helped me connect with professionals and advocates from different areas, which has motivated me to foster new partnerships and advocate for increased support, especially for underserved communities. My Capitol Hill visits allowed me to share my personal and professional growth journey and highlight the critical role of home visiting in early childhood development.
Since the Summit, I’ve started taking actionable steps to push for systemic change. I’m working to ensure that Spanish-speaking families are actively included in policy discussions and program improvements. Additionally, I’m committed to advocating for sustainable funding and broader access to home visiting services, which are essential for supporting the well-being of families nationwide.
The Summit has renewed my passion for driving meaningful change in home visiting, ensuring that every family has the resources and support they need to thrive.”
Join leaders like Jackie at this year’s Summit, from February 12-14, 2025, in Washington, D.C. Register now and we hope to see you there!
Jackie Cordova is the Director of the HIPPY (Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters) program in Colorado. With over 13 years of experience in home visiting, she is passionate about supporting parents in their critical role as their child’s first teacher. Bilingual and multicultural, Jackie was born in the US and raised in Mexico, bringing a unique perspective to her work with diverse families. Through her leadership, she has helped elevate the voices of Spanish-speaking parents and advocates for the importance of home visiting at the local, state, and national levels.
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As our team plans for the 2025 National Home Visiting Summit set for February 12-14, 2025 in Washington, D.C., we’re inspired by the lasting impact of what attendees across the home visiting field learn and take back home each year to support systems change across programs, research, and policy.
The plenary sessions, workshops, and poster presentations at the Summit create opportunities for learning and connection. They also spark many attendees to share key takeaways and describe actionable steps to use their learning to transform home visiting at a systemic level from where they are in the field. For me, the Summit offers an opportunity to see the work I do in home visiting in Illinois as part of a wider system supporting families. The Summit enables me to bring home innovative ideas to support the field in my role providing training and technical assistance. My team and I have observed that other attendees at the Summit also share the inspiration and call to action I receive at the Summit.
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Registration is now open for the 2025 National Home Visiting Summit. We hope to meet you there and learn how you’re “taking the Summit home” to advance home visiting.
Here are some perspectives from other 2024 Summit attendees that stood out to my team and me:
Feeling Seen and Valued by Summit content
Direct service providers shared:
I felt a huge takeaway from this year’s Summit is the redefinition of the word ‘professional’ in relation to home visiting. We’ve always acknowledged that families are their children’s first (and best) teachers, but at the same time we’ve not necessarily appreciated or translated that into the professional domain.
“Aha” Moments
Funders, systems change leaders and researchers remarked:
I really liked learning how others conceptualize home visit quality and how it should be understood in context based on community and family needs.
It is possible to offer flexibility and adaptability to the program, to services for families that can lead to and or be sustainable, especially for retention of the workforce and families.
Plans to “Take it Back Home”
Systems leaders in all capacities, from parents and providers to funders and researchers made plans to act based on Summit learning and connections:
I plan to take away the resources provided for funding. I will also work to improve staff satisfaction.
I will also be using the tool to disaggregate data to deepen my understanding of the story data is telling.
The Summit got me thinking about our data collection and how we might be able to restructure the collection and/or analyses with more of an equity lens.
Info on practical in-community advocacy workforce well-being considerations are things I will be applying to my work immediately.
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Picky eating is a common concern among parents, especially in early childhood. It’s a sensitive topic because food is deeply personal and essential for growth and development. Understanding picky eating, its causes, and how to support a child through it can make a significant difference in fostering healthy eating habits.
In this blog, Melanie Santarelli, our Health & Nutrition Services Manager, explores what picky eating is, why it’s common, strategies to support picky eaters, and dispel common misconceptions about children’s nutrition.
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What is picky eating?
Picky eating typically refers to a child having strong food preferences, refusing to try new foods, or avoiding certain textures or tastes. It’s a phase that most children go through during their development. According to Melanie, nearly every child experiences phases of picky eating. This behavior can vary widely from child to child, making it crucial for parents to approach it with patience and understanding.
Identifying When to Be Concerned
While picky eating is usually normal, there are instances where it might indicate a more significant issue. Parents should consult their child’s medical provider to differentiate between typical picky eating and something that may require intervention. Regular checkups and open communication with health care professionals are vital in ensuring that a child’s eating habits are healthy and developmentally appropriate.
Supporting Your Picky Eater
Supporting a picky eater involves a combination of patience, creativity and persistence. Here are some strategies to help:
- Offer Variety: Continue to introduce a variety of foods. If your child doesn’t like a food prepared one way, try a different method. For example, if they don’t like steamed broccoli, try roasting it.
- Make Meals Fun and Engaging: Turn mealtime into a fun experience. Get your child involved in cooking, gardening, or grocery shopping. Discuss the food’s taste, texture and appearance to make them more curious and engaged.
- Be Patient: Don’t force your child to eat. Encourage them gently and offer new foods multiple times without pressure. A relaxed approach can help reduce mealtime stress.
- Role Modeling: Children learn by observing others. Eat together as a family without distractions, and model healthy eating habits. Older siblings can also be role models for younger children.
- Seek Professional Help: If picky eating seems to be more than a phase, seek advice from medical providers. They can refer you to dietitians or occupational therapists if needed.
Common Misconceptions About Children’s Nutrition
There are several misconceptions about children’s nutrition that parents should be aware of:
- Picky Eating is Abnormal: Picky eating is a common phase in early childhood. Research says it takes eight to 15 times to introduce a new food before your child will accept it. Children need repeated exposure to new foods before they may accept them. Try offering it again in a different form or at a different time.
- Healthy Eating is Expensive: Healthy eating doesn’t have to be costly. Utilizing frozen fruits and vegetables can be a budget-friendly way to provide nutritious meals.
- All Children Need Whole Milk: Recent research suggests that not all children need whole milk after the age of one. Only children who are underweight require whole milk; others can transition to lower-fat options.
- Milk is Necessary at Every Meal: A common misconception is that children need to drink milk with every meal. However, milk can be very filling, especially for young children with small stomachs. Offering milk with meals can sometimes lead to a full stomach, making the child seem picky when they’re just not hungry. Offering water during meals instead can help ensure that they are still interested in eating their food.
- Babies are Ready for Solid Foods at Four Months old: The phrase “food before one is just for fun” highlights that introducing solid foods before a child’s first birthday is more about familiarizing them with textures and the concept of eating than meeting nutritional needs. Starting solids too early can make it seem like a child is picky when they may just not be developmentally ready for solid foods.
Picky eating is a common, often frustrating phase in early childhood. During the holidays, having a picky eater can be even harder to navigate. Consider having a “practice” meal or having one of your child’s favorite foods at the table is an easy way to help your child feel more comfortable.
With patience, creativity, and the right strategies, parents can support their children through this phase and help them develop healthy eating habits. Remember, every child is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Stay informed, trust your instincts, and seek professional advice when needed.
- Video: Pass the Peaches Please (13:21)
- Encourage your Child to Try and Taste New Healthy Foods English | Spanish
- Anti-bribing Strategies for Picky Eaters
- Healthy Tips for Picky Eaters
- Tips for a “Choosy” Eater English | Spanish
- Surviving a “Picky” Eater English | Spanish
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As parents juggle professional responsibilities and family life, the pressure to find reliable, high-quality child care can be overwhelming. Liv Woodstrom, Start Early Washington Director of Programs reflects on the challenges faced by working families, the impact of child care costs, and the barriers faced by working families across the United States.
The Numbers Don’t Lie
Liv Woodstrom has dedicated her professional career to supporting children and families. As a Pediatric Mental Health Specialist at Seattle Children’s Hospital, she helped families navigate the complex system of behavioral health. For the past 12 years, she’s been a leader in Washington state’s home visiting system, ensuring that pregnant and parenting families have the support they need in the critical early days of parenting. She knows a lot about navigating the systems that support families. Yet, when she started her own family, like everyone else, she faced many unexpected challenges. According to a poll from NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 34% of families with young children are facing serious problems finding child care when adults need to work. For some families, the cost of child care exceeds 15% of their monthly income, and the percentage more than doubles for a single parent.
The Elusive Balance
Navigating child care for two children is akin to walking a tightrope. As Liv shares, “I know about Early Achievers, I know about how to look for quality. I understand the landscape of early learning and yet it’s still an uphill battle to navigate.” Even for experienced early learning professionals, figuring out how to meet your family’s unique needs is a challenge and the stress of finding suitable care can hang over families for many years, taking a toll on financial stability and emotional well-being.
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Families deserve more support, and child care providers deserve more recognition and sustainable and thriving wages. When we come together to advocate for change, we can ensure that every child has access to affordable, high-quality care.
Liv Woodstrom, Director of Programs, Start Early Washington
Limited Options
Geographic limitations compound the problem. While some families have only one viable child care option within driving distance, others find themselves in child care deserts – areas with insufficient access to quality providers. Families resort to less conventional solutions, relying on family, friends, and neighbors to patch together care. And these child care challenges aren’t necessarily uniform. Liv herself lives in what’s known as a child care desert in South King County, and she knows the added stress this can have for families. For her, the reality of trying to address access and affordability for two children under age four has meant having her parents move in with her for the past two years and paying them in place of paying for traditional out-of-home care.
Strategies for Support
There are some bright spots and places where progress is forging a path forward. “Increasing child care subsidies eases the financial burden for more families, and we must also ensure that assistance reaches those who need it most”, shares Liv. This includes focusing on the child care and early learning workforce, who provide critical support for working families and are essential to the growth and well-being of young children. In addition, paid parental leave in Washington has allowed more parents to bond with newborns and reduce the strain on working families during those critical early months. For many families, parental leave provides an opportunity for several months of initial care by a parent. But then what?
A Call for Change
As someone who has worked in family support for over two decades, Liv understands the uphill battle. “We know our current system isn’t working for many families and we know we deserve better. Families deserve more support, and child care providers deserve more recognition and sustainable and thriving wages. When we come together to advocate for change, we can ensure that every child has access to affordable, high-quality care.” Her message to parents is to remember, you’re not alone in this journey. Many families share your struggles, and collectively, we can do better.
Learn more about Start Early’s parental leave program and commitment to policies that support time for parents and caregivers to bond with and care for their children without jeopardizing their ability to afford basic needs.

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Washington State’s Smallest Ferry: the M/V Sanpoil, aka the Keller Ferry
Photo courtesy of WSDOT
Happy New (Fiscal) Year! The state’s fiscal year begins each July 1st. Hopefully you celebrated accordingly. 😊
Washington State Fun Fact
To honor the spirit of summer, here’s a fun fact about our state! Brownie points to any readers who take advantage of this knowledge and send us a pic sometime this summer; we’ll even feature it in a future edition of Notes (if desired)!
In terms of fleet number and ridership, Washington State Ferries is the largest public ferry operator in the country and provides transportation to many of the state’s beautiful islands.
Updated Caseload Forecast Released
On June 13, the Washington State Caseload Forecast Council released updated forecasts for various entitlement programs ranging from K-12 education to prisons to Medicaid. These forecasts inform budget appropriations by previewing expected demands for specific programs. (Summary document and Narrative document for specific details).
In the early learning space, three key programs are forecasted and showed the following projected changes from the most recent February forecast:
SFY 2024 Projected Caseload |
SFY 2025 Projected Caseload |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
June 2024 Forecast | Change from Feb 2024 Caseload | Percentage Change | June 2024 Forecast | Change from Feb 2024 Caseload | Percentage Change | |
ECEAP | 13,871 | -143 | -1% | 14,880 | -208 | -1.4% |
Transition to Kindergarten | 5,217 | 41 | .8% | 6,727 | 1,062 | 18.7% |
Working Connections Child Care | 28,507 | 358 | 1.3% | 33,156 | 2,515 | 8.2% |
ECEAP: The Caseload Forecast Council reports that ECEAP caseload has increased since the low point of the 2020-21 school year during the pandemic.
As in earlier forecasts, most of the ECEAP enrollment growth has come from children who do not meet eligibility under the current criteria. As of March 2024, of the increased enrollment, 343 children met current ECEAP eligibility criteria (3% below March 2023 levels) while 1,065 children did not meet entitlement eligibility criteria (49.9% above March 2023 levels).
As directed in the Fair Start for Kids Act, ECEAP is scheduled to become an entitlement as of July 1, 2026, and income eligibility for the program is scheduled to increase from 110% of the Federal Poverty Level to 36% State Median Income (which is roughly 140% of the Federal Poverty Level). The forecast reflects the projected impacts of these increases.
Actual ECEAP caseloads as compared to the forecast could vary as the forecast assumes substantial caseload growth once the program becomes an entitlement and limited data exists about uptake rates. There could also be variance from the forecast as children included in the forecast for ECEAP participation could opt for participation in other early learning program options.
Transition to Kindergarten: The Caseload Forecast Council narrative notes that during the 2023-24 school year, 144 school districts offered Transitional Kindergarten/Transition to Kindergarten (TK/TTK) in 288 schools. Based on information provided by districts, that number is expected to grow to 161 districts offering TTK in 371 schools in the 2024-25 school year.
While initial growth in TTK was largely centered in rural and smaller school districts, the program is expanding to larger ones, including the Renton and Tacoma school districts in the upcoming school year.
Because this is an emerging program, actual enrollment in TTK could vary from the forecast as districts could opt in or opt out of operating the program.
Working Connections Child Care: In its June forecast, the Forecast Council aimed to account for recently enacted legislation that expanded eligibility for Working Connections Child Care and also for the increased income eligibility (up to 75% of the State Median Income) slated to go into effect on July 1, 2025 per the Fair Start for Kids Act.The risk of variance to this forecast is moderate to high, particularly if participation in the program varies widely from the forecast assumptions once the program’s income eligibility is expanded.
The Caseload Forecast Council is next scheduled to meet on November 13th. This forecast will inform Governor Inslee’s final budget that will be released in December.
Washington Research Council Caseload Forecast Summary Highlights Fair Start for Kids Act: The Washington Research Council, a nonprofit organization that provides economic research and policy analysis, found implementation of aspects of the Fair Start for Kids Act during the 2025-27 biennium as its biggest take-away from the June Forecast Council report and highlighted the implications in its caseload forecast analysis.
In a blog post, the Research Council describes the portions of the Fair Start for Kids Act of 2021 that are slated to go into effect during the upcoming 2025-27 biennium that are reflected in the caseload forecast (e.g. increased income eligibility for Working Connections Child Care and ECEAP entitlement). It is an accurate synopsis and provides an outside look at how other sectors are assessing early learning’s impact on the overall state budget.
Revenue Forecast
On June 26, the Washington State Economic and Revenue Forecast Council met to receive an updated Revenue Forecast from state Economist Dave Reich.
The bottom line is the state’s projected available revenues subject to the four-year budget outlook for the 2023-27 biennia are down by $666 million (or down by 0.5%) from the February forecast. This represents a decrease of $477 million in the current 2023-25 biennium and a decrease of $189 million for the upcoming 2025-27 biennium.
The Education Legacy Trust Account (which is funded in part by capital gains revenue and represents one source of funding for early learning) saw a reduction in projected revenues from the February forecast, largely due to lower projected capital gains receipts. Specifically, the forecast presumes a reduction of $188 million for the 2023-25 biennium and a reduction of $119 million for the 2025-27 biennium.
When asked about the lower capital gains receipts, Economist Reich responded with his opinion that this lower number likely more accurately reflects taxpayer behavior and, going forward, he expects capital gains receipts to be forecasted at $430 million a year. Note: this would mean that, per statute, the Common Schools Construction Account would not receive any capital gains funding as it would only receive funding if capital gain revenues exceed $500 million a year.
When questioned by reporters, Office of Financial Management Director David Schumacher and Democratic budget writers emphasized that the Legislature left healthy reserves and ending fund balances. They also noted this revenue forecast reflects a point in time and additional information will be available as the year goes on – including the outcome of the November initiatives impacting the continued availability of Capital Gains and Climate Commitment Act funding.
The Economic and Revenue Forecast Council will receive two more Revenue Forecasts in 2024 – one on September 27th and a second on November 20th, with the November forecast informing Governor Inslee’s final budget.
State Agency Budget Instructions and OFM Leadership Transition
On June 3rd, the Office of Financial Management (OFM) Director David Schumacher released instructions to guide state agencies in preparation of operating, capital and transportation budget requests (or “Decision Packages”) which are due to OFM by September 10th.
Notably, the instructions open by recognizing more people will need state services in the upcoming biennium, leading to increased costs for providing them. At the same time, available revenues will most likely only “… support the maintenance of current programs, but not growth.”
The instructions direct state agencies to focus on continuation of current programs and anticipated caseload growth. They go on to say that “agencies should also consider potentially pausing the phase-in of new programs, and the creation of new programs should be limited to only the highest priorities.” Of course, the outcome of the November ballot initiatives could impact the availability of revenue and agencies should consider the potential of reduced revenues resulting from the passage of initiatives in their budget requests.
As noted in the instruction letter, agency budget requests are due to OFM by September 10th and will be public shortly thereafter. The Governor and OFM will use this information (along with updated caseload and revenue forecast numbers) to build Governor Inslee’s final budgets that will be released in mid-late December. It will be interesting to see how state agencies interpret these instructions.
OFM Leadership Transition: It should also be noted that Schumacher, who has served as OFM Director for 12 years, recently announced he will be leaving his role this fall to serve as the Public Affairs Director for the Washington State Investment Board. As we get closer to the conclusion of Governor Inslee’s tenure, we can expect to see the departure of other senior members of his team.
Reminder: August Primary Election is Coming!
Don’t forget to vote! The upcoming Primary Election is on Tuesday, August 6 and ballots must be received by 8pm to be counted. Register to vote on the Secretary of State’s website.
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Happy Sunny Interim from the Capitol Building! (Photo Credit: Erica Hallock)
Notes to the Reader: Start Early Washington publishes “Notes from Olympia” intermittently during the legislative interim.
Thanks to those who responded to our survey about this publication. You all provided excellent feedback and suggestions on ways to improve the product. Several folks mentioned incorporating video content, an intriguing idea that may push us out of our comfort zone, but we are game to give it a whirl!
And in case you were waiting with bated breath… 60.6% of the Notes readers who responded favor the Razor Clam for the official Washington State clam. Sorry geoduck fans!
What We Are Watching…
The State’s Revenue Picture
In the past few weeks, several economic indicators have been released that, collectively, signal potential concerns around the state’s fiscal outlook. These include:
- Reduced Capital Gains Revenues – In late May, the Department of Revenue reported a drop in Capital Gains collections for Tax Years 2022 and 2023. (Check out the Washington State Standard article more in-depth coverage).As of May 17, 2024, $433 million in Capital Gains taxes have been collected for Tax Year 2023, significantly less than the $673 million projected in the February revenue forecast. Capital Gains payments are due by April 15th annually, but filers can request an extension. This collection amount could increase with late payments.Further, the Department of Revenue reported that with additional late payments and refunds, actual collections for Tax Year 2022 for Capital Gains were $786 million, not the assumed $896 million.We can expect these updated figures to be factored into the June revenue forecast (discussed below).As a reminder, the first $500 million collected in Capital Gains annually is deposited into the Education Legacy Trust Account. The Education Legacy Trust Account is used to support early learning, common schools (aka K-12 education) and higher education. Any amount collected above $500 million annually is deposited into the Common Schools Construction Account. This means the drop in Tax Year 2022 revenue impacts the amount of funding available for the Commons Schools Construction Account and, if the payments for Tax Year 2023 remain under $500 million, this will impact deposits into the Education Legacy Trust Account and budget writers will have to make necessary adjustments. More to come on this as we learn more.
- Drop in Estimated Reserves in Four-Year Budget Outlook – Washington state law requires the Legislature to adopt a four-year balanced budget that leaves a positive ending fund balance in the general fund and other related funds.On April 25, the Washington state Economic and Revenue Forecast Council adopted its official budget outlook to reflect investments included in the 2024 Supplemental Budget. While the adopted Supplemental Budget balances over four-years, the ending balance for funds subject to the Outlook at the end of the 2025-27 biennium is now $100M. This is $410M lower than the ending balance of $510M included in the estimated Outlook presented to lawmakers alongside the compromise budget in March (aka the conference report).A major reason for this downward adjustment is due to a change in assumptions about “reversions.” Reversions are appropriations that do not end up being spent and “revert” to the state and can then be reappropriated. For reversions, the adopted Outlook assumes 0.8% of appropriations for State Fiscal Year (SFY) 2024, lowering to 0.5% in SFYs 2025-27. In layman’s terms, this means less funding is assumed to “come back” to the state to be invested for other purposes. Specifically, the Outlook assumes $284M of reversions in SFY 2024, $199M in SFY 2025, $189M in SFY 2026 and $194M in SFY 2027.
- Revenue Collections Come in Lower than Forecasted for April 11-May 10 – The state’s Economic and Revenue Council’s May Economic and Revenue Update showed revenue collections for April 11 – May 10 came in $114M (4.6%) lower than forecasted. This report comes after April’s update which showed a $82.9M surplus.Cumulatively, revenue collections are down $60.6M from the forecast (1%).
- Revenue and Caseload Forecasts Out in June – Updated Caseload and Revenue forecasts will be released in June (June 13 and 26, respectively). These forecasts will provide important data points that will inform the state’s budget plans for the 2025-27 and 2027-29 biennia (remember that four-year balanced budget requirement).The caseload forecast will provide a snapshot of expected enrollment in entitlement programs that drive state investments such as K-12, Medicaid and prisons. For early childhood, Working Connections, ECEAP, ESIT and Transition to Kindergarten are all included in the caseload forecast. In short, the caseload forecast provides insight into expected state investments.The revenue forecast will provide an update on anticipated state revenue. These forecasts consider state, national and international factors that impact the economy from construction activity in the Puget Sound to the war in Ukraine. As noted above, we can expect adjustments related to Capital Gains payments.
What’s Coming Up in the 2025-27 Biennium for Early Learning?
State agencies are busy preparing budget requests (or “Decision Packages”) to the Governor’s Office of Financial Management (OFM) to inform Governor Inslee’s final budget that will be released in late December.
Importantly, OFM will be releasing instructions to state agencies sometime in June to guide their budget preparation process. The state’s revenue picture and upcoming change in gubernatorial administration could influence these budget instructions. For example, OFM could direct state agencies to limit budget requests to what expansions or policy changes are included in statute. As a reminder, Governors must release balanced budgets.
These budget requests are due to the Office of Financial Management around mid-September annually.
The Fair Start for Kids Act of 2021 dictated in statute a number of expansions to both Working Connections Child Care and ECEAP during the 2025-27 biennium. As a reminder, these expansions and policy changes include:
- Expanded eligibility for Working Connections Child Care up to 75% of the State Median Income (SMI) as of July 1, 2025. The latest data shows this income equates to $6,386 a month for a family of three.
- Establishment of a $215 a month co-payment for Working Connections Child Care for families between 60% – 75% SMI as of July 1, 2025. This aligns with the expanded eligibility.
- By the 2026-27 school year, any eligible child shall be entitled to enroll in ECEAP.
- DCYF to submit an implementation plan to expand access to the state’s mixed delivery child care system by June 30, 2025. The plan must assume that any financial contribution by families is capped at no more than seven percent of household income and that the child care workforce is provided living wages and benefits. This is also known as the Early Childhood Education (ECE) Access and Living Wage Implementation Plan.
Because these policies are all included in statute, DCYF is preparing to submit Decision Packages to outline expected costs. DCYF will also be considering other funding requests, but we can expect the agency to prioritize these statutorily required items.
It is important to remember that policies embedded in statute signal a legislative commitment to fund a policy. Should the Legislature opt not to fund – or fund a policy at a different amount – than what is included in statute, they must take a direct action to change their previous decision. Conversely, items listed in statute as “subject to appropriation,” can simply not be funded without any further action by the Legislature.
Candidate Filing Week, By the Numbers
The 2024 primary and general elections are shaping up to be some of the most competitive and interesting in recent memory. With open seats from Governor through counties and cities, hundreds of Washingtonians opted to run for public office during the May 6-10 “Candidate Filing Week.” Check out the Secretary of State’s website for an official listing of the offices and candidates.
We thought we would use numbers to convey some themes and stories that jumped out to us from filing week. (Note this is not intended to be all-inclusive).
3: Three people named Bob Fergusons initially filed to run for Governor. Ultimately, two of the “Bob Fergusons” withdrew, leaving the state’s current Attorney General as the only “Bob Ferguson” in the race.
This situation helped us learn about a 1943 law that makes it a felony to run for office against someone with the same name with the goal of confusing the voters. Check out the Washington State Standard’s coverage of the issue.
4: Four incumbent Senators are running unopposed.
19: The number of House members who are running unopposed.
8: The number of current House members who are running for open Senate seats.
6: Candidates filed to run for the open Senate seat in the 4th Legislative District (LD). A total of 5 Republicans (including current House member Rep. Leonard Christian) and one Democrat. The most crowded Senate race.
6 is also the magic number for the open House position 2 seat in the 4th LD. In this race, four Republicans and two Democrats are running. After two candidates withdrew from the House position 1 seat in the 5th LD, this race in the 4th became the most crowded House race.
1: One candidate is running for the open 3rd LD Senate seat currently occupied by departing Senate Majority Leader Andy Billig. Current Representative Marcus Riccelli is running unopposed for this seat after the individual who filed to run against Riccelli withdrew their candidacy.
1: One former House member is running for the House in a different legislative district than he originally served (former Representative Mark Hargrove from the 47th LD filed to run for the House 5th LD Position 1).
16: Sixteen current legislators drew opponents from their same party.
2 of these current legislators are running for the Senate (one Republican and one Democrat).
The remaining 14 legislators are all running for re-election in the House. Of these, 9 are Democrats and 5 are Republicans.
As a reminder, Washington state operates a “top-two” primary system, where the two candidates receiving the most votes advance to the general election. Learn more at the Secretary of State’s webpage.
Washington’s primary election is on August 6, 2024.
Check out Washington’s online voter registration portal!
Our Policy and Advocacy Shop is Hiring!
Our Policy and Advocacy Team is looking to turn our duo into a trio! We’re in search of someone to assist our efforts of bolstering early learning in our great state. If you know anyone who is passionate about Washington State, its families and providers, and is interested in learning about the legislative process, please refer them to our Policy and Advocacy Associate position. In addition, Start Early Washington is hiring a Senior Communications and Development Associate to drive external awareness and engagement with potential supporters and people working in early childhood and related fields. We look forward to reviewing applications!
Capitol Campus Construction Update
The Joel M. Pritchard Library – the latest building on the Capital Campus under construction (Photo Credit: Erica Hallock)
A late May visit to the Capitol not only allowed for viewing of gorgeous flowers blooming throughout the campus, but also an update on the significant construction underway. Since Sine Die, there has been significant progress made on the Newhouse Building (which we will cover in a future Notes) and construction has also started on the Joel M. Pritchard library upgrade.
The parking lot used by legislators and staff is now dedicated to construction vehicles and – while hard to tell by the pictures – the large windows framing the building’s entrance are being removed. Deconstruction of the current building is scheduled to be completed by October 2024 with construction of the new building starting in June 2025, with substantial completion expected by June 2026.
What does this mean for the 2025 legislative session?
With the Pritchard building closed, there will be very limited space for the public to gather and eat between meetings, particularly on rainy days. Expect more crowding in the Legislative Building, especially on big advocacy days.
Per the Department of Enterprise Services’ website, the renderings for the new Pritchard building look to be quite the upgrade:
Department of Enterprise Services
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As a former preschool teacher, Adrienne Matthias, Start Early Washington Home Visiting Training Manager has always believed in the power of early connections with families. While teaching in Korea in her twenties, she recognized that the most powerful way to reach children was through the parents and caregivers who really had the strongest relationship with them. This awareness of the opportunities to create healthy relationships early on is what eventually led her to home visiting.
Planting the Seeds for Early Intervention
Back in the U.S. teaching preschool, the idea of connecting with families as early as possible became more important to Adrienne, strengthening her view that all parents need support during those first critical years of a child’s life. This led Adrienne to training as a home visitor, because as she sees it, home visiting provides an important resource, partnering with parents in ways that differ from a traditional classroom setting. Home visitors can support parents, building their confidence and providing tools and emotional support during the critical early days of parenting.
It’s not just about watching this child develop, it’s about watching the parent develop and step into their parenting with the knowledge to be able to advocate for their children and see themselves as good, worthy parents.
Adrienne Matthias, Start Early Washington Home Visiting Training Manager
A Journey to Infant and Toddler Mental Health
As she became a program manager, Adrienne found new meaning in working with home visitors and parent educators through reflective supervision, making time for them to slow down and think more deeply about their practice. By shifting the focus to the home visitor and their needs, it could have significant impact on the delivery of services to families. Adrienne felt a growing desire to learn learning more about infant and toddler mental health, which led her to the Infant Toddler Mental Health certificate program and Portland State University’s Early Childhood Inclusive Education Master’s Degree. Drawn in by the school’s strengths-based and collaborative approach, and infant mental health classes’ exploration of the dynamic between parent-child or caregiver-child relationship in particular, the program reinforced her beliefs of how these interactions profoundly shape a child’s development while impacting the parent’s journey. One that Adrienne sees as a delicate dance that requires understanding, empathy, and advocacy.
The Dance of Parenting
As Adrienne shared, mothers, in particular, often struggle with self-doubt when it comes to parenting. “We tend to focus on our perceived shortcomings rather than celebrating our strengths. Home visiting that supports infant and maternal mental health can step in to bridge this gap. By supporting parents, we empower them to build strong attachment relationships. It’s not just about the child’s growth it’s about the parents’ growth too, and as home visitors, we can be a part of facilitating this transformation firsthand.”
Unseen Impact
Home visitors rarely know the full impact of their work. However, home visitors all have stories that demonstrate the power of the program to support families. Adrienne shares one story of a distressed mother who truly believed she couldn’t handle parenting. Her daughter’s tantrum at a bouncy house left her feeling inadequate and unequipped. By exploring the mother’s strengths, emphasizing and reminding her of the effort she put into creating enriching experiences for her child, despite the challenges of the moment, she was able to recognize that she had persevered through the challenge, and she was able to do it because she knew it was beneficial for her child. Leaning into the strengths-based aspects of the interaction and being able to normalize these emotional moments helps parents recognize their worth.
There are hard things all the time, and it doesn’t mean that you ignore them. The strengths-based approach is how you humanize them and how you hold people in your mind, how you treat people because you are holding them fully as people. That is the most important thing to remember.
Adrienne Matthias, Start Early Washington Home Visiting Training Manager
The Luxury of Strengths-Based Approaches
In trauma-informed principles, like those at the center of the hope-filled, compassionate NEAR@Home practice for addressing childhood trauma, being strengths-based is essential. Imagine entering someone’s home and focusing on what they’re doing well instead of pointing out flaws. It’s a necessity to be able to see what is going right —one that reveals genuine strengths. When home visitors are able to help parents see the best in themselves, we empower them. It’s not about rigid rules; it’s about acknowledging their efforts. Even after tough experiences, it’s critical to be able to take a step back and appreciate the positives—a parallel process that enriches the practice.
Continuing to Emphasize the Positive
Maternal and infant mental health isn’t just about fixing problems; it’s about celebrating strengths. Home visitors hold a unique position—to witness growth, resilience, and love within families. As Adrienne continues in her role leading Washington’s training efforts and expansion of NEAR trauma-informed practice, she believes in the power and potential of these strengths-based approaches to empower families to build strong and healthy relationships that will last a lifetime.

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